Visceral leishmaniasis complicating systemic lupus erythematosus

Area of Science:

• Internal Medicine
• Rheumatology
• Infectious Diseases

Background:

• Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease.
• Plasmapheresis and steroid therapy are common treatments for active SLE.
• Visceral leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease often presenting with systemic symptoms.

Observation:

• A 32-year-old Chinese woman with active SLE presented for treatment.
• The patient received plasmapheresis and steroids for SLE management.
• During treatment, an undiagnosed visceral leishmaniasis was suspected.

Findings:

• Successful control of active systemic lupus erythematosus was achieved with plasmapheresis and steroids.
• Occult visceral leishmaniasis was uncovered in the patient during SLE therapy.
• The patient's visceral leishmaniasis responded well to specific anti-parasitic treatment.

Implications:

• This case highlights the importance of considering co-infections in patients with autoimmune diseases.
• Prompt diagnosis and treatment of visceral leishmaniasis are crucial for patient outcomes.
• Integrated management strategies are essential for patients with complex multi-systemic conditions.