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Related Concept Videos

Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests01:15

Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
The edrophonium test is a diagnostic tool for myasthenia gravis. It involves...
Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction01:26

Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction

Cushing syndrome refers to the collection of clinical manifestations that arise when tissues are exposed to excessive amounts of cortisol or cortisol-like medications over an extended period. Cortisol, a glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex, regulates metabolism, immune responses, and the body’s adaptation to stress. When its concentration remains chronically elevated, these physiological pathways become dysregulated, resulting in the characteristic features of the syndrome.Exogenous...
Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology01:19

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...
Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology

The disease process of myasthenia gravis begins at the neuromuscular junction, where antibodies attack key proteins needed for muscle activation. This immune reaction weakens signal transmission, leading to the characteristic muscle fatigue and weakness that define the condition.Immune-Mediated DamageIn most individuals, antibodies target acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) on the postsynaptic membrane of muscle cells. By blocking acetylcholine binding, these antibodies prevent the nerve signal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Myo-mechanical Analysis of Isolated Skeletal Muscle
08:42

Myo-mechanical Analysis of Isolated Skeletal Muscle

Published on: February 23, 2011

Corticosteroid myopathy: a clinical and pathological study.

A A Khaleeli, R H Edwards, K Gohil

    Clinical Endocrinology
    |February 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    Patients with Cushing's syndrome and steroid myopathy exhibit proximal muscle weakness and wasting. Muscle biopsies reveal type II fibre atrophy and reduced fibre areas, indicating significant muscle pathology.

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    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Neurology
    • Muscle Physiology

    Background:

    • Cushing's syndrome and steroid myopathy are associated with muscle dysfunction.
    • Understanding the specific characteristics of myopathy in these conditions is crucial for diagnosis and management.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To comprehensively describe the clinical, functional, biochemical, and structural features of myopathy in patients with Cushing's syndrome and steroid myopathy.
    • To identify common and distinct pathological findings in skeletal muscle.

    Main Methods:

    • Clinical assessment of muscle weakness and wasting.
    • Quantitative force measurements (quadriceps).
    • Skeletal muscle biopsies analyzed by light and electron microscopy.
    • Biochemical analyses including plasma creatine kinase (CK) and urinary 3-methylhistidine/creatinine ratio.
    • Electromyography (EMG).

    Main Results:

    • All patients presented with proximal muscle weakness, predominantly in lower limbs, and muscle wasting.
    • Quadriceps weakness was confirmed in all patients.
    • Muscle biopsies frequently showed type II fibre atrophy and reduced fibre areas.
    • Abnormalities were also noted in electron microscopy, mitochondrial function, and muscle chemical content.
    • Characteristic findings included low-normal plasma CK, myopathic EMG, and elevated urinary 3-methylhistidine/creatinine.

    Conclusions:

    • Both Cushing's syndrome and steroid myopathy cause significant myopathy characterized by proximal weakness and type II fibre atrophy.
    • A combination of clinical evaluation, muscle biopsy, and specific biochemical markers aids in diagnosing and characterizing these myopathies.