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Systemic and discoid lupus erythematosus: analysis of pulmonary function
The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine
|March 1, 1978
Summary
Pulmonary dysfunction is common in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), affecting most patients even without lung symptoms. Early detection through pulmonary function tests is crucial for managing SLE-related respiratory issues.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonology
- Rheumatology
- Internal Medicine
Background:
- Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with potential multi-organ involvement.
- Pulmonary complications are recognized in SLE but their prevalence, especially subclinical dysfunction, requires further elucidation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the prevalence of pulmonary dysfunction in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE).
- To identify specific patterns of lung impairment in SLE patients, including those without overt respiratory symptoms.
Main Methods:
- Pulmonary function tests were performed on 24 SLE and 5 DLE patients.
- Key tests included diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, spirometry (measuring forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in one second), and assessment for small airways disease using helium-oxygen mixtures.
Main Results:
- 71% of SLE patients had abnormal diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide.
- Restrictive ventilatory defects and hypoxemia were observed in 25% and 17% of SLE patients, respectively.
- Small airways disease was suggested in 10 SLE patients based on helium response, and pulmonary dysfunction was prevalent (71-90%) even in SLE patients without respiratory history or symptoms.
Conclusions:
- Pulmonary function abnormalities are highly prevalent in SLE patients, often existing subclinically.
- These findings underscore the importance of pulmonary function testing in the comprehensive management of SLE.
- Pulmonary dysfunction appears less common in DLE, primarily observed in smokers.