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Phosphorus: ruminal availability and effects on digestion.

K E Witt, F N Owens

    Journal of Animal Science
    |April 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Phosphorus (P) availability from different phosphate sources varied in the rumen, with mono-dicalcium phosphate showing higher availability than dicalcium phosphate and defluorinated rock phosphate. Increasing dietary P improved P retention but not total tract digestibility in steers.

    Area of Science:

    • Animal Nutrition
    • Ruminant Physiology
    • Nutrient Digestion and Absorption

    Background:

    • Phosphorus (P) is an essential mineral for ruminant health and productivity.
    • Understanding the availability of P from various feed sources is crucial for formulating optimal diets.
    • Different phosphate supplements exhibit varying solubilities and P release patterns in the digestive tract.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the ruminal and postruminal P availability of mono-dicalcium phosphate (mono-dical), dicalcium phosphate (dical), and defluorinated rock phosphate against sodium phosphate.
    • To evaluate the impact of dietary P levels on ruminal digestion, P retention, and total tract digestibility in steers.

    Main Methods:

    • In vivo and in vitro assessments of P solubility and availability from different phosphate sources.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Feeding trials with ruminally cannulated steers using diets with low and adequate P concentrations.
  • Measurement of ruminal P concentrations, dry matter disappearance, P retention, and total tract digestibility.

    • Main Results:

    • Mono-dical, dical, and defluorinated rock phosphate showed 88%, 62%, and 40% of the P availability of sodium phosphate in the rumen, respectively.
    • In vitro P solubility in ruminal buffer was significantly lower for mono-dical, dical, and defluorinated rock phosphate compared to sodium phosphate.
    • In vitro P solubility in abomasal fluid increased with incubation time, indicating postruminal availability despite low ruminal solubility.
    • Higher dietary P increased ruminal P concentrations and P retention but did not significantly enhance dry matter digestibility or total tract digestibility.
    • A low dietary P level (0.12%) was inadequate for maintaining P stores in adult ruminants.

    Conclusions:

    • The P availability from mono-dical, dical, and defluorinated rock phosphate is lower in the rumen but can be solubilized in the abomasum.
    • Dietary P supplementation can improve P status and retention in steers, but total tract digestibility may not be significantly affected.
    • Optimizing P sources and levels is critical for ruminant health, ensuring adequate P stores and preventing deficiencies.