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Fibrinous vasculosis in the human placenta.

J M Scott

    Placenta
    |January 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    Peripheral villous stem branch edema and fibrinous vasculosis (FV) affect 6% of placentae, linked to fetal vascular issues and maternal hypertension. These placental lesions increase risks for intrauterine death and coagulopathy in newborns.

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    Area of Science:

    • Perinatology
    • Pathology
    • Neonatology

    Background:

    • Peripheral villous stem branch edema and fibrinous vasculosis (FV) are observed in placentae of infants in special care units.
    • These placental abnormalities are associated with specific macroscopic features like thickness, small diameter, congestion, and cyanosis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the incidence and etiology of peripheral villous stem branch edema and fibrinous vasculosis (FV) in placentae.
    • To explore the association of these placental lesions with fetal vascular patterns, hypoxia, maternal complications, and perinatal outcomes.

    Main Methods:

    • Examination of placentae from babies admitted to a special care paediatric unit.
    • Histopathological analysis to identify peripheral villous stem branch edema and fibrinous vasculosis (FV).
    • Correlation of placental findings with maternal and fetal clinical data.

    Main Results:

    • Approximately 6% of placentae exhibited peripheral villous stem branch edema, with over half showing associated fibrinous vasculosis (FV) in truncal veins.
    • FV lesions, particularly when involving chorionic vessels, were linked to a high risk of intrauterine death (40%) and coagulopathy (46.7%) in survivors.
    • Maternal history often included pregnancy-induced hypertension; fetal distress and asphyxia at birth were common.

    Conclusions:

    • Peripheral villous stem branch edema and FV are significant placental pathologies associated with adverse perinatal outcomes.
    • Fetal vascular abnormalities, hypoxia, and maternal complications likely contribute to the etiology of these lesions.
    • FV lesions involving chorionic vessels pose a substantial risk for intrauterine death and neonatal coagulopathy.

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