Cooperative immunoassays: ultrasensitive assays with mixed monoclonal antibodies

Mixtures of certain monoclonal antibodies appear to bind human chorionic gonadotropin in a "cooperative" fashion because they form circular complexes with the hormone. Experiments illustrate how this property might be exploited to develop very sensitive immunoassays for human chorionic gonadotropin or any other antigen. Since the assays are not based on competitive inhibition between radiolabeled and unlabeled antigen, they are much more sensitive than a traditional radioimmunoassay in which either one of the same antibodies is used alone.