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Endogenous opioids and baroreflex control in humans.

P C Rubin, K McLean, J L Reid

    Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)
    |July 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    Endogenous opioids, like DAMME, impact human blood pressure regulation. These substances modulate the baroreflex, influencing blood pressure control without altering heart rate or norepinephrine levels.

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    Area of Science:

    • Cardiovascular Physiology
    • Neuroendocrinology

    Background:

    • Endogenous opioids play a role in physiological regulation.
    • Their specific function in human blood pressure control remains incompletely understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of endogenous opioids in modulating baroreflex control of blood pressure in humans.
    • To determine the effects of a metenkephalin analog (DAMME) and an opioid antagonist (naloxone) on blood pressure regulation.

    Main Methods:

    • Two studies were conducted on healthy subjects.
    • Study 1: Infusion of DAMME, naloxone, or saline with blood pressure, heart rate, and plasma norepinephrine measurements during supine and head-up tilt positions.
    • Study 2: Assessment of naloxone and DAMME effects on the heart period/blood pressure relationship during sodium nitroprusside-induced hypotension.

    Main Results:

    • DAMME significantly decreased blood pressure following head-up tilt, while naloxone had no significant effect.
    • Neither DAMME nor naloxone altered heart rate or plasma norepinephrine levels in response to hypotension.
    • Naloxone increased the baroreflex sensitivity (heart period/blood pressure slope) by 90%, whereas DAMME reduced it by 30%.

    Conclusions:

    • Endogenous opioids significantly modulate the baroreflex control of blood pressure in humans.
    • These findings highlight the involvement of the opioid system in cardiovascular homeostasis.

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