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Endemic goiter in Vietnam.

J M Hershman, D T Due, B Sharp

    The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
    |August 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Iodine deficiency is a primary cause of endemic goiter in Vietnam, even in areas not previously suspected. Cassava consumption poses a lower risk, as iodine supplementation can mitigate its goitrogenic effects.

    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Nutritional Science
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Endemic goiter affects a significant portion of Vietnam's population.
    • Factors contributing to goiter prevalence in Vietnam require further investigation.
    • Two distinct regions, Vancon (lowland) and Dich Giao (highland), were studied to understand goiter causation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To identify the roles of iodine deficiency and cassava consumption in endemic goiter in Vietnam.
    • To compare goiter prevalence and related biochemical markers in different geographical and dietary settings.
    • To assess the effectiveness of iodized salt and the impact of goitrogenic foods.

    Main Methods:

    • Surveyed 935 individuals in Vancon and 619 in Dich Giao.
    • Conducted laboratory studies on subgroups from Vancon, Dich Giao, and a control group in Hanoi.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Measured serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroglobulin (Tg), and urinary iodine and thiocyanate levels.

    • Main Results:

    • Goiter prevalence was higher in Vancon (45%) than Dich Giao (28%).
    • Vancon showed severe iodine deficiency with low urinary iodine and elevated TSH and Tg.
    • Dich Giao had marginally low iodine and increased urinary thiocyanate, but cassava's goitrogenic effect was limited by iodine intake.

    Conclusions:

    • Low iodine intake is a primary driver of endemic goiter in Vancon.
    • Cassava consumption in Dich Giao did not significantly alter thyroid hormone levels due to adequate iodine intake.
    • Iodine supplementation effectively counteracts the goitrogenic potential of cassava, even with irregular intake.