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Cognitive abilities of language-delayed children.

R E Stark, P Tallal, C Kallman

    The Journal of Psychology
    |May 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Children with specific language delay (SLD) show lower verbal and full-scale IQ scores compared to typically developing peers. Language delay is not linked to nonverbal cognitive deficits, according to this study on child IQ performance.

    Area of Science:

    • Child Psychology
    • Developmental Psychology
    • Linguistics

    Background:

    • Specific language delay (SLD) affects children's communication abilities.
    • The relationship between language delay and nonverbal cognitive skills remains an area of research.
    • Understanding cognitive profiles in SLD is crucial for targeted interventions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare cognitive performance, specifically verbal and performance IQ, between children with SLD and a normal group.
    • To investigate whether language delay is associated with underlying nonverbal cognitive deficits.
    • To analyze subtest score profiles for verbal and performance measures.

    Main Methods:

    • Compared Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) scores.

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  • Utilized two groups of children aged 5 to 8.5 years: one normal and one with SLD (34-38 children each).
  • Analyzed performance IQ, verbal IQ, and full-scale IQ scores, including subtest score profiles and score variability.

    • Main Results:

    • Performance IQ scores were comparable between the SLD and normal groups.
    • Both verbal IQ and full-scale IQ scores were significantly lower in the SLD group.
    • Verbal subtest score profiles differed between groups, but performance subtest profiles did not.

    Conclusions:

    • The findings do not support the hypothesis that specific language delay in children is related to a nonverbal cognitive deficit.
    • Language abilities, rather than general nonverbal cognition, appear to be the primary area of difference.
    • Cognitive assessment highlights specific challenges in verbal domains for children with SLD.