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Breast feeding and post-natal depression.

E M Alder, J L Cox

    Journal of Psychosomatic Research
    |January 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
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    New research suggests that breastfeeding frequency impacts postpartum hormone levels, potentially influencing post-natal depression. Mothers who breastfed exclusively for at least 12 weeks showed a higher incidence of depression.

    Area of Science:

    • Reproductive endocrinology
    • Perinatal mental health

    Background:

    • Hormonal factors are implicated in post-natal depression.
    • Suckling frequency's influence on postpartum hormone levels is a key, yet understudied, factor.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the relationship between breastfeeding patterns, suckling frequency, hormone levels, and post-natal depression.
    • To explore how early introduction of solids or artificial milk affects maternal hormones and mood.

    Main Methods:

    • Prospective study involving 89 women 18 months postpartum.
    • Data collected on infant feeding patterns, including breastfeeding duration and introduction of complementary foods.
    • Correlation analysis between feeding patterns, hormonal indicators (prolactin, ovarian activity), and depressive symptoms.
    Keywords:
    BiologyBreast FeedingCentral Nervous SystemCentral Nervous System EffectsDepressionDiseasesEconomic FactorsHealthIncidenceInfant NutritionMeasurementMental DisordersNutritionOral ContraceptivesPhysiologyPostpartum WomenPuerperiumReligionReproductionResearch MethodologySocioeconomic FactorsSocioeconomic Status

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    Main Results:

    • Half of breastfeeding mothers introduced solids/formula before 12 weeks, correlating with lower prolactin and increased ovarian activity.
    • Mothers exclusively breastfeeding for ≥12 weeks or using hormonal contraception (the pill) had higher post-natal depression rates.
    • Among those attempting breastfeeding, normal endogenous hormone levels were associated with fewer depressive symptoms.

    Conclusions:

    • Suckling frequency, by influencing prolactin and ovarian activity, may play a significant role in post-natal depression.
    • Early cessation of exclusive breastfeeding or hormonal contraceptive use may increase the risk of post-natal depression.
    • Maintaining normal endogenous hormone levels through breastfeeding practices may be protective against depressive symptoms.