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Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into...
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Bone Remodeling and Repair01:31

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Cantilever Bending of Murine Femoral Necks
06:44

Cantilever Bending of Murine Femoral Necks

Published on: January 5, 2022

Prevention of involutional bone loss by exercise.

J F Aloia, S H Cohn, J A Ostuni

    Annals of Internal Medicine
    |September 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Regular exercise may help prevent bone loss in postmenopausal women. A study found that women who exercised showed an increase in total body calcium, unlike those who remained sedentary.

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    Published on: July 21, 2023

    Area of Science:

    • Gerontology
    • Exercise Physiology
    • Bone Metabolism

    Background:

    • Involutional bone loss is a significant concern for postmenopausal women.
    • Maintaining bone mass is crucial for preventing fractures and maintaining quality of life.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the potential of exercise in preventing involutional bone loss in postmenopausal women.
    • To assess the impact of a structured exercise regimen on bone mass and calcium balance.

    Main Methods:

    • 18 postmenopausal women participated, with half engaging in 1 hour of exercise, three times weekly for one year.
    • Total body calcium was measured using total-body neutron activation analysis.
    • Regional bone mineral content and total body potassium were also assessed.

    Main Results:

    • The exercise group showed a significant increase in total body calcium (781g to 801g).
    • The sedentary group experienced a decrease in total body calcium.
    • No significant changes were observed in bone mineral content or total body potassium in either group.

    Conclusions:

    • Exercise appears to be an effective intervention for mitigating involutional bone loss in postmenopausal women.
    • The findings support the hypothesis that physical activity can positively influence bone calcium balance.