Total joint replacement in the upper extremity

Prosthetic replacement of the joints of the upper extremity relieves pain, mitigates deformity, and improves function. As newer designs of prostheses are tested, we expand our knowledge of the biomechanics of each joint. Newer materials are rapidly changing the variety of implants on the market and improving prosthetic function. The problem of fixation of the noncemented prostheses to viable bone tissue remains one of the major unanswered questions for orthopedic surgeons today. Extensive research around the world is underway; different means of providing the environment that allows biologic ingrowth with fixation of a prosthesis are being investigated, thus avoiding the use of methyl methacrylate and its inherent problems.