[Complex diagnosis of stomach polyps]

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Oncology
• Medical Imaging

Background:

• Gastric polyps are common, but distinguishing between benign and malignant types can be challenging.
• Malignant transformation of gastric polyps often lacks specific, easily identifiable symptoms.
• Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment and patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of combined X-ray and endoscopic examinations for gastric polyps.
• To determine the accuracy of these methods in identifying malignant transformation.
• To assess the added value of cytological examination in diagnosing gastric polyps.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective analysis of 130 patients with gastric polyps undergoing X-ray and endoscopic examinations.
• Evaluation of roentgenologic and endoscopic symptoms for polyp nature identification.
• Inclusion of cytological examination in a subset of cases for diagnostic confirmation.

Main Results:

• Malignant transformation in 22 out of 130 gastric polyp cases.
• No single pathognomonic symptom for malignancy was identified.
• Accurate diagnosis required considering multiple roentgenologic and endoscopic signs.
• Combined X-ray and endoscopy achieved 92.5% diagnostic accuracy.
• Adding cytological examination resulted in 100% diagnostic accuracy.

Conclusions:

• A comprehensive diagnostic strategy integrating X-ray, endoscopy, and cytology is essential for accurate gastric polyp evaluation.
• Relying on single diagnostic signs is insufficient for determining malignancy.
• The combined application of imaging and endoscopic techniques significantly enhances diagnostic precision.