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Campylobacter enteritis in normal and immunodeficient children.

I Melamed, Y Bujanover, Y S Igra

    American Journal of Diseases of Children (1960)
    |August 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    Campylobacter fetus subspecies jejuni (CBJ) causes bacterial gastroenteritis in children. Immunodeficient children experience prolonged symptoms and pathogen excretion compared to healthy children.

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    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
    • Immunology
    • Microbiology

    Background:

    • Campylobacter fetus subspecies jejuni (CBJ) is an emerging pathogen causing bacterial gastroenteritis in children.
    • Gastroenteritis in children is often associated with bacterial pathogens.
    • The role of CBJ in pediatric gastroenteritis is increasingly recognized.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of Campylobacter fetus subspecies jejuni gastroenteritis in children.
    • To compare the disease course in immunodeficient versus immunologically normal children.
    • To identify risk factors and specific host immune defects associated with severe CBJ infections.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective case series analysis of 51 children diagnosed with CBJ gastroenteritis over 16 months.

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  • Detailed clinical data collection including duration of fever, diarrhea, and pathogen shedding.
  • Categorization of patients based on immune status (immunodeficient vs. normal).

    • Main Results:

    • Five of 51 children diagnosed with CBJ gastroenteritis were immunodeficient, presenting with X-linked agammaglobulinemia, agammaglobulinemia, combined immunodeficiency, or transient hypogammaglobulinemia.
    • Immunodeficient children exhibited significantly longer durations of fever (15 days) and diarrhea (23 days) compared to normal children (4 and 5 days, respectively).
    • CBJ shedding in stool persisted longer in immunodeficient children (20-27 days, up to 1 year) than in normal children (4-16 days).

    Conclusions:

    • Campylobacter fetus subspecies jejuni is a significant bacterial pathogen in pediatric gastroenteritis, particularly affecting immunodeficient children.
    • Humoral immune system defects are strongly associated with prolonged and severe CBJ infections in children.
    • CBJ should be considered in the differential diagnosis of gastroenteritis in immunodeficient pediatric populations, especially those with hypogammaglobulinemia.