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Word frequency effects for a closed-set word identification task.

L L Elliott, L A Clifton, D G Servi

    Audiology : Official Organ of the International Society of Audiology
    |January 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Adults outperform children in speech identification tasks due to word frequency effects. This study confirms that increased word familiarity enhances performance, especially in children with larger vocabularies.

    Area of Science:

    • Cognitive Psychology
    • Speech Perception
    • Developmental Psychology

    Background:

    • Previous research showed adults outperformed young children on a speech identification task, despite stimuli familiarity for children.
    • This performance gap was hypothesized to stem from 'word frequency effects,' where adults' greater experience with words requires less acoustic information for identification.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To test the hypothesis of word frequency effects in speech identification.
    • To investigate if modifying response alternatives impacts performance based on word frequency.
    • To examine the relationship between word frequency effects and children's receptive vocabulary skills.

    Main Methods:

    • A 4-alternative forced-choice (4 AFC) picture-pointing speech identification task was used.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • New materials were created where incorrect picture foils represented less frequent words compared to the original task.
  • Adult and child performance was compared between original and modified test materials.

    • Main Results:

    • Adult performance improved significantly on the modified test materials, supporting the word frequency effect hypothesis.
    • The magnitude of word frequency effects in children was positively correlated with their receptive vocabulary skills.
    • Data indicated that word frequency significantly influences speech perception performance across age groups.

    Conclusions:

    • Word frequency effects play a crucial role in speech identification, impacting both adults and children.
    • Receptive vocabulary skills modulate the influence of word frequency effects in children.
    • These findings have important implications for the design of clinical speech and language tests, particularly those using a closed-set format.