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Related Experiment Videos

Radiation-related thyroid carcinoma.

J M Cerletty, A R Guansing, N H Engbring

    Archives of Surgery (Chicago, Ill. : 1960)
    |September 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary

    Head or neck irradiation increases thyroid abnormalities, including nodules and thyromegaly. Clinical neck examination is key for detection, while imaging and blood tests are less effective for screening thyroid nodules or cancer.

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    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Oncology
    • Radiology

    Background:

    • Previous head or neck irradiation is a known risk factor for thyroid abnormalities.
    • Early detection of thyroid abnormalities is crucial for effective management and preventing complications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To assess the prevalence of thyroid abnormalities in individuals with a history of head or neck irradiation.
    • To evaluate the effectiveness of different diagnostic methods for detecting thyroid nodules and carcinoma in this population.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective analysis of 1,825 subjects with a history of head or neck irradiation.
    • Clinical neck examination, thyroid imaging studies, and laboratory tests (serum thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroxine, triidothyronine resin uptake, thyroid antibodies) were utilized.

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  • Surgical outcomes were analyzed for subjects with nodules.

    • Main Results:

    • 19.6% of subjects had thyroid abnormalities, including nodules (9%) and diffuse thyromegaly (8.4%).
    • Thyroid surgery was performed on 40 subjects, with carcinoma detected in 30.1% of those with nodules.
    • Clinical neck examination was the most effective method for detecting abnormalities; imaging and laboratory tests did not significantly improve nodule or carcinoma detection.

    Conclusions:

    • Individuals with a history of head or neck irradiation have a high incidence of thyroid abnormalities.
    • Clinical neck examination is the primary diagnostic tool for thyroid abnormalities in this cohort.
    • Routine thyroid imaging and laboratory screening are not recommended for detecting nodules or carcinoma in irradiated individuals.