Direct choledochography and related diagnostic methods. Part 2: Sphincter of Oddi manometry

Pressure measurement of the sphincter of Oddi segment during ERCP has enhanced the current understanding of normal biliary-pancreatic tract motor physiology as well as the effects of drugs and hormones. ERCP manometry has also provided information about SO function in pathological conditions in humans, such as bile duct stones, SO stenosis and SO dyskinesia. Finally, SO pressure measurements appear to be helpful in identifying patients with symptomatic SO dysfunction who will derive benefit from endoscopic sphincterotomy or surgical sphincteroplasty.