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Clinical types in a normal population: concurrent and construct validity.

P Smith, P Magaro, S Pederson

    Journal of Clinical Psychology
    |July 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study explored personality traits and psychopathology using the Multivariate Personality Inventory (MPI). Results indicated that MPI-defined personality styles in a normal population align with those found in pathological groups.

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    Area of Science:

    • Psychology
    • Clinical Psychology
    • Personality Psychology

    Background:

    • Understanding the relationship between normal personality traits and psychopathology is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.
    • Existing personality inventories may not adequately capture pathological personality styles.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To examine the concurrent and construct validity of the Multivariate Personality Inventory (MPI) in assessing personality styles related to psychopathology.
    • To determine if personality styles identified in a normal population using the MPI correspond to those observed in pathological groups.

    Main Methods:

    • A concurrent validity study was conducted using the Multivariate Personality Inventory (MPI) with 100 participants.
    • Factor analysis was employed to compare MPI factors with those of the Lazare-Klerman Personality Inventory, developed for pathological populations.

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  • Construct validity was assessed by examining performance differences among predicted personality groups.

    • Main Results:

    • Factor analysis identified three factors corresponding to Hysteric, Compulsive, and Character Disorder personality styles.
    • Significant differences were found among groups in the predicted directions, supporting the concurrent validity of the MPI.
    • Construct validity measures did not fully support predictions regarding the performance of these personality types.

    Conclusions:

    • The MPI effectively differentiates personality styles in a normal population that parallel those identified in pathological groups.
    • While the MPI shows promise in identifying personality styles related to psychopathology, further research is needed to fully establish its construct validity.