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Related Experiment Videos

Cardiovascular changes in the exercising emu.

B Grubb, D D Jorgensen, M Conner

    The Journal of Experimental Biology
    |May 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    Emu cardiovascular responses to exercise reveal significant increases in oxygen consumption and cardiac output. Heart rate and stroke volume rise during exertion, with heart rate playing a key role in boosting cardiac output.

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    Area of Science:

    • Exercise Physiology
    • Comparative Physiology
    • Avian Biology

    Background:

    • The emu, a large ratite bird, is suitable for studying physiological responses to exercise.
    • Understanding cardiovascular adaptations in non-mammalian vertebrates provides insights into evolutionary physiology.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate cardiovascular variables in emus during treadmill exercise.
    • To quantify the relationship between oxygen consumption and cardiac output in emus.

    Main Methods:

    • Emu subjects were subjected to graded treadmill exercise.
    • Cardiovascular variables including oxygen consumption, cardiac output, heart rate, and stroke volume were measured.
    • Arteriovenous oxygen content difference was calculated.

    Main Results:

    • Oxygen consumption (VO2) increased 11.4-fold from resting levels (4.2 ml kg-1 min-1) during maximal exercise.
    • Cardiac output increased linearly with VO2 (9.5 ml/ml increase in VO2), exceeding that of mammals.
    • Heart rate increased 3.9-fold, and stroke volume increased 1.8-fold; heart rate was the primary driver of increased cardiac output.

    Conclusions:

    • Emus exhibit significant cardiovascular adjustments during exercise, including a substantial rise in cardiac output.
    • The elevated cardiac output appears to be achieved through both increased heart rate and stroke volume, with heart rate being more influential.
    • Comparative analysis suggests distinct cardiovascular strategies between birds and mammals during exercise.

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