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Cardiovascular changes in the exercising emu.

B Grubb, D D Jorgensen, M Conner

    The Journal of Experimental Biology
    |May 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Emu cardiovascular responses to exercise reveal significant increases in oxygen consumption and cardiac output. Heart rate and stroke volume rise during exertion, with heart rate playing a key role in boosting cardiac output.

    Area of Science:

    • Exercise Physiology
    • Comparative Physiology
    • Avian Biology

    Background:

    • The emu, a large ratite bird, is suitable for studying physiological responses to exercise.
    • Understanding cardiovascular adaptations in non-mammalian vertebrates provides insights into evolutionary physiology.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate cardiovascular variables in emus during treadmill exercise.
    • To quantify the relationship between oxygen consumption and cardiac output in emus.

    Main Methods:

    • Emu subjects were subjected to graded treadmill exercise.
    • Cardiovascular variables including oxygen consumption, cardiac output, heart rate, and stroke volume were measured.
    • Arteriovenous oxygen content difference was calculated.

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    Main Results:

    • Oxygen consumption (VO2) increased 11.4-fold from resting levels (4.2 ml kg-1 min-1) during maximal exercise.
    • Cardiac output increased linearly with VO2 (9.5 ml/ml increase in VO2), exceeding that of mammals.
    • Heart rate increased 3.9-fold, and stroke volume increased 1.8-fold; heart rate was the primary driver of increased cardiac output.

    Conclusions:

    • Emus exhibit significant cardiovascular adjustments during exercise, including a substantial rise in cardiac output.
    • The elevated cardiac output appears to be achieved through both increased heart rate and stroke volume, with heart rate being more influential.
    • Comparative analysis suggests distinct cardiovascular strategies between birds and mammals during exercise.