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Related Experiment Videos

Type A and hardiness.

S C Kobasa, S R Maddi, M A Zola

    Journal of Behavioral Medicine
    |March 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Type A behavior and personality hardiness are distinct factors influencing health. High Type A and low hardiness in male executives correlated with increased illness under stress, suggesting differing motivational bases.

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    Area of Science:

    • Psychology
    • Health Psychology
    • Behavioral Medicine

    Background:

    • The Type A behavior pattern is linked to cardiovascular disease.
    • Personality hardiness is a psychological resource associated with stress resilience.
    • The interplay between Type A behavior and hardiness in predicting illness requires further investigation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To examine the relationship between Type A behavior pattern and personality hardiness.
    • To predict an interaction effect of Type A behavior and hardiness on illness onset.
    • To differentiate Type A behavior and hardiness as motivational factors.

    Main Methods:

    • Assessed Type A behavior pattern and personality hardiness in male executives.
    • Measured general illness scores.

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  • Analyzed data considering levels of stressful life events.

    • Main Results:

    • Type A behavior and hardiness were found to be conceptually different and empirically independent.
    • Male executives high in Type A behavior and low in hardiness reported higher general illness scores under high stress.
    • Type A behavior and hardiness were identified as bases for extrinsic and intrinsic motivation, respectively.

    Conclusions:

    • Type A behavior and personality hardiness are distinct constructs with independent effects on health.
    • An interaction exists where high Type A behavior combined with low hardiness exacerbates illness risk during stressful periods.
    • These traits may represent fundamental differences in extrinsic versus intrinsic motivational orientations.