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Does adipocyte hypercellularity in obesity exist?

R T Jung, M I Gurr, M P Robinson

    British Medical Journal
    |July 29, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Obese patients accommodate fat by enlarging existing fat cells, not recruiting new ones. The concept of "hyperplastic" obesity, defined by excess fat cells, is unreliable and its link to childhood obesity is questionable.

    Area of Science:

    • Metabolism and Endocrinology
    • Cell Biology
    • Obesity Research

    Background:

    • Obesity is characterized by an increase in adipose tissue mass.
    • The role of fat cell number (hyperplasia) versus fat cell size (hypertrophy) in obesity is debated.
    • Previous studies often relied solely on subcutaneous adipose tissue samples.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the relationship between fat cell number and size in different adipose tissue depots in obese and non-obese individuals.
    • To evaluate the validity of
    • hyperplastic
    • obesity diagnosis.
    • To examine the association between fat cell number and childhood-onset obesity.

    Main Methods:

    • Adipose tissue biopsies were collected from subcutaneous and intra-abdominal sites in 80 obese and 27 non-obese patients.

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  • Fat cell number and size were calculated from these tissue samples.
  • Data were analyzed to correlate fat cell characteristics with obesity status and onset.

    • Main Results:

    • A modest increase in calculated fat cell number was observed in more obese patients.
    • Omental fat cells were approximately one-third the size of subcutaneous fat cells.
    • No significant relationship was found between fat cell number and childhood-onset obesity.

    Conclusions:

    • The number of fat cells, particularly when estimated from subcutaneous samples alone, may underestimate the total fat cell population.
    • Most obese individuals appear to increase fat storage through fat cell enlargement rather than significant new cell recruitment.
    • The diagnostic criteria for
    • hyperplastic
    • obesity are unreliable, and its connection to infantile obesity requires further investigation.