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Summary
Further-attenuated measles vaccines are recommended for worldwide use due to their superior efficacy and reduced febrile reactions compared to older formulations. Japanese surveillance systems effectively monitor vaccine effectiveness and disease prevalence.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Vaccinology
- Public Health
Background:
- Measles remains a significant public health concern globally.
- The development of effective measles vaccines has been a priority in infectious disease research.
- Understanding vaccine efficacy and adverse reactions is crucial for public health strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the history and development of measles vaccines.
- To evaluate the efficacy and adverse reactions of Japanese-licensed measles vaccines.
- To recommend optimal measles vaccine strategies for global implementation.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of 10-year follow-up studies on measles vaccine recipients.
- Comparison of clinical measles incidence between different vaccine types.
- Assessment of antibody responses and febrile reactions post-vaccination.
- Description of a Japanese fixed surveillance station system for communicable diseases.
Main Results:
- Further-attenuated live measles vaccines showed significantly lower clinical measles incidence (1.9%) compared to combined live-killed vaccines (11.5%).
- Schwarz and Biken-CAM vaccines induced high antibody responses (≥97%) but caused significant febrile reactions (50% ≥37.5°C, 15% ≥39°C).
- Japanese AIK-C and further-attenuated Schwarz vaccines resulted in fewer febrile reactions (20% and 5%, respectively).
Conclusions:
- Further-attenuated measles vaccines demonstrate superior efficacy and safety profiles.
- Worldwide adoption of further-attenuated measles vaccines is strongly recommended.
- The Japanese surveillance system effectively monitors vaccine efficacy and disease prevalence in children.