Description of the structural control systems of ovum transport in the quail oviduct

Some electron microscropic and light microscopic aspects of the quail oviduct have been studied in relation to ovum transport. Previously it has been shown that in this smooth muscle there exist spontaneous coordinated electrical and mechanical activity which suggests a good electrical and mechanical coupling of the muscle cells. The structural basis for this coupling is not known. The majority of muscle cell contacts observed were simple appositions and intermediate junctions. Less numerous were attachments of the interdigitation type. No nexuses or tight junctions were seen. Mechanical stretching or contraction of cells induced with 10(-4)M carbachol did not affect the contacts. The fine structure of the muscle cells did not differ from that described for other smooth muscles. Electronmicroscopically the muscle cell bundles could not be distinguished into separate layers, in the light microscope the cell bundles were spirally arranged. Stretching of the oviductal strips to the length to which the ovum stretches the muscular wall during ovum transport caused re-orientation of the muscle cell bundles. One-directional stretching turned the axes of the muscle cells and the collagen bundles parallel, while stretching in two direction made the tissue look like a network. The re-orientation of muscle cell bundles may be of importance in producing forces in the muscular tunic during ovum transport. The nerve supply to the muscle cells was negligible. These and previous results show that structurally the muscular wall of the quail oviduct is a dynamic unity in which the ovum via stretch induces the electrical and mechanical activity throughout the tissue. Innervation may play a minor role in controlling the contractions.