Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 28, 2026
07:51
Standardized Hemorrhagic Shock Induction Guided by Cerebral Oximetry and Extended Hemodynamic Monitoring in Pigs
Published on: May 21, 2019
Metabolism of prolonged shock.
Advances in Shock Research
|January 1, 1983
Summary
Metabolic changes in dogs experiencing cardiac tamponade shock were examined. While hyperglycemia and lactacidemia normalized, persistent protein utilization and reduced fatty acid mobilization indicate prolonged shock effects.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Physiology
- Metabolic Biochemistry
- Shock Pathophysiology
Background:
- Cardiac tamponade induces a shock state with significant metabolic alterations.
- Understanding the persistence of these metabolic changes with prolonged shock is crucial for clinical management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate which metabolic derangements characteristic of early shock persist during prolonged cardiac tamponade in dogs.
- To elucidate the temporal dynamics of substrate utilization and storage during sustained shock.
Main Methods:
- Dogs were subjected to controlled cardiac tamponade for 4 or 12 hours.
- Metabolic parameters including glucose, lactate, glycogen, fatty acid, and protein metabolism were assessed.
- Radioactive tracers were used to measure substrate entry, exit, and incorporation rates.
Main Results:
- Hyperglycemia and lactacidemia resolved by 12 hours, but increased protein utilization and decreased fatty acid mobilization persisted.
- Early shock showed high lactic acid entry and glycogenolysis rates, which decreased later, with cardiac glycogen accumulation.
- Free fatty acid incorporation into tissue lipids decreased in most organs, with specific organ-dependent changes observed over time.
Conclusions:
- Prolonged cardiac tamponade leads to persistent alterations in protein and fatty acid metabolism, despite normalization of glucose and lactate levels.
- The heart exhibits unique metabolic adaptations, accumulating glycogen in early shock but showing reduced fatty acid incorporation later.
- These findings highlight the complex and evolving metabolic response to sustained shock states.
Related Concept Videos
00:52What is Metabolism?
Overview
01:19Regulation of Metabolism
Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...
01:24Blood Pressure Imbalances and Circulatory Shock
Disorders affecting blood volume, vascular tone, or vascular function can disrupt vascular homeostasis, including conditions like hypertension, hemorrhage, and shock.
Blood Pressure: Hypertension and Hypotension
Normal blood pressure is 120/80 mm Hg. Elevated blood pressure is 120-129/under 80 mm Hg. Hypertension, warranting treatment at 130/80 mm Hg, is often asymptomatic and can lead to severe cardiovascular events, aneurysms, peripheral arterial disease, chronic renal disease, or cardiac...
Blood Pressure: Hypertension and Hypotension
Normal blood pressure is 120/80 mm Hg. Elevated blood pressure is 120-129/under 80 mm Hg. Hypertension, warranting treatment at 130/80 mm Hg, is often asymptomatic and can lead to severe cardiovascular events, aneurysms, peripheral arterial disease, chronic renal disease, or cardiac...
01:25Metabolic States of the Body: The Absorptive State
During the absorptive state, which lasts approximately four hours after a meal, the body absorbs nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract. The carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids we consume are broken down into monosaccharides, amino acids, and free fatty acids for absorption. While carbohydrates and proteins are absorbed as-is, lipids are absorbed in their broken-down forms and then re-esterified into triglycerides within enterocytes before being packaged into chylomicrons. These absorbed...
01:18Metabolic States of the Body: The Postabsorptive State
The postabsorptive state usually starts about four hours after a meal and lasts until the next meal is eaten. During this time, the digestive system stops absorbing nutrients, and the body uses stored energy reserves to maintain stable blood glucose levels.
Initially, glycogen stored in the liver is broken down to release glucose into the bloodstream, while glycogen in the muscles is broken down to supply glucose for energy directly within the muscle cells. As glycogen stores diminish,...
Initially, glycogen stored in the liver is broken down to release glucose into the bloodstream, while glycogen in the muscles is broken down to supply glucose for energy directly within the muscle cells. As glycogen stores diminish,...
01:24Metabolic States of the Body: Fasting and Starvation
During the initial hours of fasting, the body uses up its glycogen stores as an energy source. Once these glycogen reserves are depleted, the body begins breaking down stored triglycerides and structural proteins. During this stage, glycerol becomes a key substrate for gluconeogenesis, while free fatty acids undergo beta-oxidation to provide energy for tissues, such as skeletal muscle. In the fasting state, the body spares protein breakdown as much as possible to conserve muscle and structural...