Working posture and musculoskeletal problems of video display terminal operators--review and reappraisal

In order to minimize the stresses on the musculoskeletal system, attempts have been made to develop design guidelines for video display terminal workstations. Evaluations of VDT workstations reveal that many of the health problems experienced by operators might be attributed to awkward postures caused by lack of consideration of these guidelines. In other cases, it may be a matter of specific individuals not fitting "average" workstations. This has led to an increasing emphasis on designing adjustable workstations which can be adapted to the individual worker's needs. Even when guidelines are followed and workstations are adjusted to fit individuals, a variety of postural complaints may arise. One of the most important contributing factors is the constraint which is typically placed on the posture of the VDT operator. Many tasks lead to prolonged static positioning of the back, neck, arms and legs; producing rapid fatigue and increasing the risk of chronic problems. Another factor which must be considered is the effect of repetitive motion patterns which could lead to disorders in the muscles, tendons, nerves and joints. Finally, the effects of job pressures must not be overlooked as a potential contributing factor in postural complaints.