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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the horse. 1: Nature of the disease
Abstract:
The aetiology, pathophysiological changes, pathology and clinical signs of the disease as presently understood are discussed. The condition appears to be a hypersensitivity of the respiratory system in some horses to poor quality hay and straw. Micropolyspora faeni is the chief agent identified in the northern part of the United Kingdom. In other locations, the chief agent is probably different. The principal changes are spasm of the airways and bronchiolitis of the small airways. Onset may be acute or insidious. The chief clinical signs are well known but the disease process is reversible if the source of the antigen is removed. In early cases, determination of increased maximum intrathoracic pressure changes and co-existent subnormal arterial oxygen pressure are the best objective confirmation of diagnosis. The same measurements may be made on asymptomatic horses if they have been challenged 4 to 5 h earlier by inhalation of the appropriate antigen, or even exposed to poor quality hay or straw. Other methods available to the clinician are discussed.
Insights
Equine respiratory hypersensitivity to poor-quality hay and straw is linked to airway spasm and bronchiolitis. Early diagnosis involves measuring intrathoracic pressure and arterial oxygen pressure changes.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Equine Respiratory Health
- Immunology
Background:
- Hypersensitivity reactions in horses can affect the respiratory system.
- Poor quality hay and straw are suspected environmental triggers.
- The specific causative agents may vary by geographic location.
Purpose of the Study:
- To discuss the etiology, pathophysiology, pathology, and clinical signs of equine respiratory hypersensitivity.
- To identify key diagnostic indicators for early detection.
- To explore reversible treatment strategies.
Main Methods:
- Review of current understanding of the disease.
- Identification of causative agents like Micropolyspora faeni.
- Assessment of clinical signs and diagnostic measurements.
Main Results:
- The condition involves airway spasm and bronchiolitis.
- Onset can be acute or insidious.
- Disease is reversible upon antigen removal.
Conclusions:
- Equine respiratory hypersensitivity is a significant concern.
- Objective diagnostic confirmation relies on physiological measurements.
- Management focuses on environmental antigen avoidance.