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Related Concept Videos

Toxicity Testing in Animals01:23

Toxicity Testing in Animals

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Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 1, 2026

Assessing Mineral Availability in Fish Feeds using Complementary Methods Demonstrated with the Example of Zinc in Atlantic Salmon
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Zinc toxicity in ruminants.

J G Allen, H G Masters, R L Peet

    Journal of Comparative Pathology
    |July 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    Zinc toxicity in sheep and calves causes weakness, jaundice, and organ damage. The pancreas is consistently affected, aiding in diagnosis and exposure period estimation.

    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Medicine
    • Toxicology
    • Animal Pathology

    Background:

    • Zinc is an essential trace element, but excessive intake can lead to toxicity in livestock.
    • Natural cases of zinc toxicity in sheep and calves highlight the need for better diagnostic methods.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the clinical, pathological, and diagnostic features of zinc toxicity in sheep and calves.
    • To identify key organs affected by zinc toxicity and their role in disease progression.

    Main Methods:

    • Studied four natural cases of zinc toxicity in sheep and one in calves.
    • Conducted experimental studies where sheep were administered toxic levels of zinc.
    • Documented clinical signs, clinical pathology, and gross and microscopic pathological changes.

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    Main Results:

    • Clinical signs included inappetance, weight loss, diarrhea, weakness, and jaundice.
    • Elevated zinc concentrations were commonly found in the liver, kidney, and pancreas.
    • Pancreatic, kidney, and abomasal lesions were significant, with the pancreas consistently affected.

    Conclusions:

    • The pancreas is a crucial organ for diagnosing zinc toxicity and estimating exposure duration in affected animals.
    • Kidney and abomasal lesions significantly contribute to the clinical deterioration observed in zinc toxicity.
    • Despite continued exposure, the exocrine pancreas showed signs of regeneration.