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Predictors of happiness.

A Kozma, M J Stones

    Journal of Gerontology
    |September 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    Older adults maintain stable happiness over 18 months. Key predictors like health and housing satisfaction remain consistent, though some factors vary by living situation.

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    Area of Science:

    • Gerontology
    • Psychology
    • Sociology

    Background:

    • Assessing the temporal stability of happiness in older adults is crucial for understanding well-being in later life.
    • Previous research has explored correlates of happiness but often lacks longitudinal data on stability across diverse subgroups.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the temporal stability of happiness using the Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness (MUNSH).
    • To examine the stability of factors predicting happiness across three distinct subgroups of individuals aged over 64.
    • To identify consistent predictors of happiness in later life across different living environments (urban, institutional, rural).

    Main Methods:

    • Longitudinal study with two interview phases conducted 18 months apart.
    • Utilized the Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness (MUNSH) and nine established correlates.
    • Employed separate multiple regression analyses to assess predictor/happiness relationships and evaluated happiness stability using prior phase scores.

    Main Results:

    • Happiness remained stable across all subgroups, with an average of 86% of variance explained by initial scores.
    • For urban and institutionalized individuals, housing satisfaction, health, activities, and life event changes were consistent predictors.
    • For rural individuals, only health and marital status consistently predicted happiness across both phases.
    • Happiness levels were higher in rural compared to institutionalized individuals.

    Conclusions:

    • Despite variations in predictor effectiveness among subgroups, overall happiness demonstrates significant temporal stability in individuals over 64.
    • Health and housing satisfaction are key, consistent predictors of happiness for urban and institutionalized older adults.
    • Health and marital status are crucial for sustained happiness among rural older adults.
    • Findings underscore the resilience of happiness in later life, regardless of living situation.

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