In vivo urothelial surface histology by microscopic chromocystoscopy

Microscopic chromocystoscopy is a new in vivo procedure that we have developed to aid in the detection and treatment of bladder tumors. Intravesical ionic dye chromocystoscopy was introduced by our group to permit cystoscopic viewing with ordinary light of selectively stained malignant urothelial surfaces by the cationic dye, methylene blue. With the recent availability of the Hamou hysteroscope, a microscopic endoscope, we have combined intravesical ionic dye chromocystoscopy with microscopic cystoscopy to give in vivo urothelial surface histology, with resolution of cytological detail. We herein describe our new method and preliminary results with this procedure, which we have designated in vivo urothelial surface histology by microscopic chromocystoscopy.