Systematic epidemiologic theory: conceptual foundations and axiomatic elements.

Area of Science:

• Epidemiology and Pathology
• Public Health

Background:

• Epidemiologists have historically debated disciplinary boundaries and identity.
• The study of chronic, non-infectious diseases has prompted a re-evaluation of epidemiology's scope.
• Advancements in understanding disease natural history and causation have facilitated this re-evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To propose a unified framework for epidemiology and pathology.
• To integrate infectious and chronic disease concepts within a single theoretical model.
• To establish systematic epidemiology as the study of disease causality and control.

Main Methods:

• Reconsidering definitions and scope of epidemiology.
• Integrating epidemiological and pathological characteristics of disease.
• Utilizing natural history and discipline-related concepts of causation.

Main Results:

• A coherent systematic epidemiologic theory can be developed.
• Systematic epidemiology applies to both infectious and chronic (neoplastic) diseases.
• Epidemiology and pathology are complementary approaches to disease comprehension.

Conclusions:

• Systematic epidemiologic theory integrates epidemiology and pathology.
• Preventive medicine and public health are essential operational approaches.
• This integrated approach enhances the control of both infectious and chronic diseases.