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Clinical observations on equine phycomycosis.

R I Miller, R S Campbell

    Australian Veterinary Journal
    |June 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary

    Three forms of equine phycomycosis were identified in tropical Australia. Hyphomycosis was most common, often affecting legs after the wet season, while other forms had different lesion sites and no clear seasonality.

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    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Mycology
    • Equine Infectious Diseases

    Background:

    • Equine phycomycosis is a significant fungal infection in tropical regions.
    • Understanding the specific causative agents and their clinical presentations is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To identify and differentiate the specific forms of phycomycosis affecting horses in tropical northern Australia.
    • To analyze the prevalence, seasonality, clinical signs, and lesion characteristics of each identified fungal disease.

    Main Methods:

    • Clinical data from 266 diagnosed equine cases across 5 laboratories were analyzed.
    • Causative agents identified included Hyphomyces destruens, Basidiobolus haptosporus, and Conidiobolus coronatus.
    • Lesion sites, appearance, size, and seasonal incidence were recorded and compared.

    Main Results:

    • Hyphomycosis (H. destruens) accounted for 76.7% of cases, often presenting as ulcerative granulomas on legs and ventral areas, with a wet season onset.
    • Basidiobolomycosis (B. haptosporus) represented 18.0%, with lesions on the trunk and face, and no distinct seasonality.
    • Entomophthoramycosis (C. coronatus) comprised 5.3%, with nasal lesions suggesting inhalation as the infection route, and no clear seasonality.

    Conclusions:

    • Three distinct fungal pathogens cause phycomycosis in Australian horses, each with characteristic clinical presentations and infection patterns.
    • Hyphomycosis is strongly associated with wet season conditions and contact with swamp water.
    • Basidiobolomycosis and entomophthoramycosis present differently and lack clear seasonal or environmental links, requiring distinct diagnostic considerations.

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