A pharmacological study of propane-1,2-diol

Area of Science:

• Pharmacology
• Toxicology
• Neuroscience

Background:

• Propane-1,2-diol (propylene glycol, PG) is a commonly used solvent in research.
• Its safety profile and potential biological activities require thorough investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the neuropsychopharmacological activity of propylene glycol (PG).
• To determine safe concentration limits for PG as a solvent in research.

Main Methods:

• Administration of varying concentrations of PG (10-100%) to albino mice and rats via intraperitoneal (i.p.) and oral (p.o.) routes.
• Assessment of locomotor activity, physiological parameters (body/limb tone, respiration, temperature), conditioned responses, and potentiation of drug effects (pentobarbitone, d-amphetamine).
• Evaluation of effects on blood pressure in dogs/cats and on isolated smooth muscle and cardiac preparations.

Main Results:

• Higher PG concentrations (50-100%) induced significant CNS depressant effects, including decreased activity, muscle tone, respiration, and temperature.
• PG demonstrated analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and potentiated pentobarbitone hypnosis.
• While less pronounced, similar effects were observed with oral administration.
• PG potentiated adrenaline/noradrenaline responses and showed non-specific smooth muscle blockade at high concentrations.

Conclusions:

• Propylene glycol exhibits dose-dependent neuropsychopharmacological activity.
• High concentrations of PG can significantly alter physiological and behavioral responses.
• It is recommended to use propylene glycol in concentrations not exceeding 10% for pharmacological and toxicological investigations to avoid confounding effects.