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Species-specific defense reactions and avoidance learning. An evaluative review
The Pavlovian Journal of Biological Science
|October 1, 1982
Summary
The species-specific defense reaction (SSDR) hypothesis suggests innate behaviors in avoidance learning. However, research indicates that reinforcement also plays a crucial role in establishing avoidance responses.
Area of Science:
- Behavioral psychology
- Animal learning theory
Background:
- The species-specific defense reaction (SSDR) hypothesis, proposed by Bolles (1970), posits that innate behavioral patterns constrain responses in aversive situations.
- This theory minimized the role of reinforcement in avoidance learning.
Purpose of the Study:
- To detail the development of Bolles' SSDR theory.
- To review empirical evidence testing the assumptions and predictions of SSDR theory.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of Bolles' work (1970-1978).
- Analysis of empirical studies examining SSDR theory.
Main Results:
- SSDRs are highly probable in aversive situations, but the response repertoire is not exclusively limited to them.
- Significant evidence supports the role of reinforcement in the acquisition and maintenance of certain avoidance responses.
Conclusions:
- While SSDRs are important, they do not fully account for all avoidance learning.
- Reinforcement mechanisms are critical for understanding avoidance behavior.