Dosimetry for neodymium: YAG laser applications in urology

We present the results of experimental and theoretical investigations on the interaction of ND:YAG laser light with biological tissue in general, and with that of the bladder in particular. A comparison is made of the thermal effects achieved with this laser and those of the argon and CO2 types. A therapeutically safe yet effective dosage for the endoscopic treatment of bladder tumours with the Nd:YAG laser is given. The operating techniques are described along with the first clinical results.