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Related Experiment Videos

Complement activation by Coccidioides immitis: in vitro and clinical studies.

J N Galgiani, P Yam, L D Petz

    Infection and Immunity
    |June 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary

    Coccidioides immitis infection can deplete the body's complement system, impacting both classic and alternative pathways. This immune response is often transient, particularly during the early stages of coccidioidomycosis.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Mycology
    • Infectious Diseases

    Background:

    • The complement system is crucial for innate immunity.
    • Coccidioides immitis is a fungal pathogen causing coccidioidomycosis.
    • Understanding complement activation in fungal infections is vital.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effect of Coccidioides immitis on the human complement system in vitro.
    • To assess complement activation and consumption in patients with coccidioidomycosis.

    Main Methods:

    • In vitro assays using Coccidioides immitis derivatives and human serum.
    • Measurement of hemolytic complement activity (total and C4).
    • Analysis of complement activation products (C3, C4, factor B) and component levels (C3, C4, C5, factor B, properdin) in patient serum.

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    Main Results:

    • Coccidioides immitis derivatives reduced total hemolytic complement in vitro, activating both classic and alternative pathways.
    • Nine of 23 patients with coccidioidomycosis exhibited transiently low total hemolytic complement, primarily in early illness.
    • Low hemolytic C4 and blunted inulin-mediated complement reduction suggested potential deficiencies in both complement pathways, though immunoreactive component levels were not consistently depressed.

    Conclusions:

    • Coccidioides immitis can activate and consume complement components through both classic and alternative pathways.
    • Complement depletion in coccidioidomycosis patients is typically transient.
    • Discrepancies between functional and immunoreactive complement levels may indicate enhanced in vitro inactivation, possibly by immune complexes.