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Related Experiment Videos

Odor and marijuana intoxication.

R O Pihl, D Shea, L Costa

    Journal of Clinical Psychology
    |July 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Contrary to expectations, the smell of burning hair from placebo cigarettes increased self-reported marijuana intoxication. However, physiological measures like pulse rate showed decreased intoxication in the odor condition.

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    Area of Science:

    • Psychopharmacology
    • Human experimental psychology

    Background:

    • The subjective effects of cannabis (marijuana) are influenced by various factors, including expectations and environmental cues.
    • Aversive odors can potentially modulate drug-induced experiences, though their specific impact on cannabis intoxication is not well-understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the influence of an aversive odor (burning human hair) on the subjective and physiological effects of marijuana.
    • To examine whether prior knowledge of the odor's source alters its impact on intoxication.

    Main Methods:

    • 48 adult males were assigned to marijuana (high/low dose) or placebo groups.
    • Participants underwent two sessions involving music, socializing, and smoking, with one session including placebo cigarettes with human hair.
    • An additional 24 participants received marijuana with prior knowledge of the hair odorant.

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    Main Results:

    • Self-reported intoxication significantly increased when participants smoked cigarettes with burning hair, despite it being a placebo.
    • Pulse rate and heart rate measures showed decreased physiological arousal in the odor condition, contradicting self-reports.
    • Informed participants experienced a greater decrease in heart rate compared to uninformed participants.

    Conclusions:

    • The expectation of an aversive stimulus can enhance subjective reports of drug intoxication, decoupling subjective experience from physiological response.
    • Sensory cues, even those perceived as negative, can significantly modulate the perceived effects of psychoactive substances.
    • Further research is needed to understand the complex interplay between olfactory cues, expectation, and the psychophysiology of drug effects.