Selected aspects of deconditioning secondary to immobilization

Although activity is a normal state of the human body, a variety of orthopedic conditions may necessitate some degree of immobilization. Major deconditioning changes in the cardiovascular system and musculoskeletal system have been identified. The deconditioning changes affecting the cardiovascular system are decreased venous flow, decreased orthostatic tolerance, and decreased work capacity. The deconditioning changes associated with the musculoskeletal system are bone demineralization, altered joint function, and loss of muscle mass, strength, and tone. Possible nursing interventions and their rationales for use with the identified deconditioning changes have been explored. The general goal of any intervention is to minimize the deconditioning that occurs with immobilization.