The keratinizing and calcifying odontogenic cyst (Gorlin cyst)

Area of Science:

• Oral pathology
• Dental radiology
• Head and neck oncology

Background:

• Odontogenic cysts represent a diverse group of jaw lesions originating from odontogenic epithelium.
• The keratinizing and calcifying odontogenic cyst (KCOC) is a rare variant with distinct histopathological features.
• Radiographic interpretation is crucial for the initial assessment of jaw pathologies.

Observation:

• A 61-year-old female presented with a radiolucent lesion in the anterior mandible.
• Imaging revealed a lesion with mixed radiolucent and radiopaque characteristics.
• Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a keratinizing and calcifying odontogenic cyst.

Findings:

• The KCOC exhibited a radiographic appearance that mimicked other benign and malignant jaw pathologies.
• Differential diagnosis for radiolucent-radiopaque lesions of the mandible is broad and includes tumors and cysts.
• Accurate diagnosis relies on integrating clinical, radiographic, and histopathological findings.

Implications:

• The KCOC should be considered in the differential diagnosis of mandibular lesions presenting with mixed radiodensity.
• Awareness of its variable radiographic presentation aids clinicians in avoiding diagnostic delays.
• Proper identification of KCOC is essential for appropriate management and treatment planning in oral surgery and pathology.