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Related Concept Videos

Transduction01:16

Transduction

1.0K
Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome...
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Transposons01:24

Transposons

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Transposons, or "jumping genes," are small mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that range from 700 to 40,000 base pairs in length. They are found in all organisms and can move within the same chromosome or transfer to different chromosomes. In some cases, transposons can also jump between different host DNA molecules, such as plasmids or viruses, contributing to genetic variability.Barbara McClintock first discovered these mobile genetic elements in the 1940s while studying maize genetics, and she...
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Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

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Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
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DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

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DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
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Forced Transdifferentiation01:28

Forced Transdifferentiation

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Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
Artificial...
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Transgenic Organisms00:53

Transgenic Organisms

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Overview
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Transposon Mediated Integration of Plasmid DNA into the Subventricular Zone of Neonatal Mice to Generate Novel Models of Glioblastoma
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Transposition of canines.

Y Shapira

    Journal of the American Dental Association (1939)
    |May 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Canine transposition, where teeth erupt in the wrong position, is rare but can occur in upper or lower jaws. Treatment options include alignment or extraction if the tooth is severely damaged.

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    Area of Science:

    • Dentistry
    • Orthodontics
    • Oral Surgery

    Background:

    • Canine transposition is a rare dental anomaly affecting tooth eruption patterns.
    • It can occur in either the maxillary or mandibular arches, involving the canine teeth.
    • Previous reports document a limited number of canine transposition cases.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review reported cases of canine transposition.
    • To discuss treatment alternatives for canine transposition.
    • To highlight considerations for managing severely compromised transposed teeth.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of reported canine transposition cases.
    • Analysis of treatment modalities described in the literature.
    • Evaluation of factors influencing treatment decisions.

    Main Results:

    • Canine transposition has been reported in eleven cases.
    • Both maxillary and mandibular arches can be affected.
    • Treatment options include in-situ alignment, orthodontic repositioning, or extraction.

    Conclusions:

    • Canine transposition requires careful management based on individual case factors.
    • Orthodontic intervention is a primary treatment approach.
    • Extraction is a viable option for severely damaged teeth, followed by space closure.