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Measles giant cell pneumonia in childhood leukemia in remission

Acta Pathologica Japonica
|May 1, 1980
PubMed

Insights

Giant cell pneumonia in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia was caused by measles virus. This study identifies measles virus in gastric and colon tissues, a novel finding.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Virology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • A 4-year-old girl with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in remission, undergoing immunosuppressive chemotherapy, developed giant cell pneumonia.
  • The patient presented with respiratory distress, a known complication in immunocompromised individuals.

Observation:

  • Autopsy revealed multinucleated giant cells in the lungs, characteristic of viral pneumonia.
  • Microscopic examination identified measles virus within these giant cells, despite the absence of a typical measles rash.
  • Similar giant cells, some of the Warthin-Finkeldey type, were observed in the gastric and colon mucosa, spleen, and lymph nodes.

Findings:

  • The pulmonary pneumonia was confirmed to be of measles virus etiology through light microscopy, electron microscopy, and immunoperoxidase studies.
  • This is the first reported instance of measles virus inclusion bodies within gastric giant cells.
  • The presence of Warthin-Finkeldey changes in lymphoid tissues further supports a systemic measles virus infection.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the potential for atypical measles virus presentations, particularly in immunocompromised pediatric patients.
  • It underscores the importance of considering viral etiologies, like measles, in severe pneumonia unresponsive to standard treatments.
  • The identification of gastric and colonic involvement expands the understanding of the gastrointestinal manifestations of measles virus infection.

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