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How many types of erythroleukaemia are induced by retroviruses in mice?
Abstract:
Erythroleukaemia, until now defined by morphological criteria, has been observed in mice infected with several distinct virological entities, including the polycythaemia-inducing strains of Friend virus complex (FV-P), the anaemia-inducing strains of Friend and Rauscher virus complex (FV-A and RV-A, respectively) and various helper-independent virus isolates derived from the FV-A or RV-A complexes. Whereas erythroleukaemia develops rapidly (within 2-3 weeks) in mice infected with any strain of FV or RV, the helper-independent virus alone is pathogenic in mice only if they are infected neonatally. We now describe how two biological markers can be used to distinguish among the otherwise confusing array of virus-induced erythroleukaemias in mice. The evidence suggests that there are three different classes of this disease: (1) those (S+E+) from which both defective spleen focus-forming virus (SFFV) and erythropoietin-independent, erythroid colony-forming units (CFU-EI) can be recovered, (2) those (S+E-) from which only SFFV (but not CFU-EI) can be recovered, and (3) those (S-E-) from which neither SFFV nor CFU-EI can be recovered. There is a consistent association between the type of virus used to induce the erythroleukaemia and the class of the disease induced.
Insights
Researchers identified three classes of virus-induced erythroleukaemia in mice using two biological markers: spleen focus-forming virus (SFFV) and erythropoietin-independent, erythroid colony-forming units (CFU-EI). This classification aids in understanding disease diversity.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Hematology
- Oncology
Background:
- Erythroleukaemia has traditionally been defined by morphological criteria.
- Infection with Friend virus (FV) or Rauscher virus (RV) complexes induces erythroleukaemia in mice rapidly.
- Helper-independent virus isolates can also induce erythroleukaemia, particularly in neonatally infected mice.
Purpose of the Study:
- To establish a classification system for virus-induced erythroleukaemias in mice.
- To differentiate between various forms of erythroleukaemia based on biological markers.
- To correlate specific virus types with distinct disease classes.
Main Methods:
- Infection of mice with different strains of Friend virus complex (FV-P, FV-A) and Rauscher virus complex (RV-A).
- Isolation and characterization of helper-independent virus isolates.
- Detection of defective spleen focus-forming virus (SFFV) and erythropoietin-independent, erythroid colony-forming units (CFU-EI) in diseased mice.
Main Results:
- Identified three distinct classes of virus-induced erythroleukaemias based on the presence or absence of SFFV and CFU-EI.
- Class 1 (S+E+): Both SFFV and CFU-EI were recovered.
- Class 2 (S+E-): Only SFFV was recovered.
- Class 3 (S-E-): Neither SFFV nor CFU-EI was recovered.
Conclusions:
- The study provides a biological marker-based classification for virus-induced erythroleukaemias in mice.
- A consistent association exists between the inducing virus type and the resulting disease class.
- This classification system aids in distinguishing between different virologically induced erythroleukaemias.