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Effects of radiation on the developing dentition and supporting bone
Journal of the American Dental Association (1939)
|October 1, 1980
Summary
Radiation exposure in childhood can impede tooth development and mandibular growth, even with modern treatments. This highlights the significant impact of radiation on developing bone and dental structures.
Area of Science:
- Dentistry
- Pediatric Oncology
- Radiation Oncology
Background:
- Radiation therapy is a critical treatment for pediatric cancers like embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas.
- Early observations noted adverse effects of X-rays on tooth development.
Observation:
- Two pediatric patients received radiation therapy for embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas at young ages.
- One patient treated at age 4 for a submandibular lesion experienced arrested root development in mandibular teeth, yet eruption occurred.
- Another patient treated at age 9 for a left cheek tumor showed inhibited bone apposition on the left mandible compared to the right.
Findings:
- Childhood radiation exposure significantly disrupts normal tooth root development and mandibular bone growth.
- The extent of developmental disruption appears related to the age of radiation exposure and tumor location.
- Despite advancements in megavoltage radiation therapy, developing bone and dental structures remain vulnerable.
Implications:
- Radiation protocols for pediatric patients require careful consideration to minimize long-term dental and skeletal sequelae.
- Further research is needed to understand and mitigate the specific mechanisms of radiation-induced dental underdevelopment.
- Long-term follow-up and specialized dental care are crucial for childhood cancer survivors treated with radiation.