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Related Concept Videos

Voltaic/Galvanic Cells02:47

Voltaic/Galvanic Cells

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Spontaneous Chemical Reactions
Spontaneous redox reactions occur abundantly in nature. The chemical reaction occurring in a disposable AA battery powering our remote controls is one such example of a spontaneous redox reaction. Another example is the immersion of coiled copper wire into an aqueous silver nitrate solution. The reaction shows a gradual, visually impressive color change from colorless to bright blue and the formation of a grey precipitate on the copper wire. In this experiment,...
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A concentration cell is a type of a voltaic cell constructed by connecting two almost identical half-cells, both based on the same half-reaction and using the same electrode, differing only in the concentration of one redox species. A concentration cell's potential, therefore, is determined only by the concentration difference of the particular redox species.
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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Reference electrodes serve as a stable reference point for potentiometric measurements, while indicator and working electrodes react to variations in the composition of a solution.
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Electrochemical Cells01:28

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Electrochemical cells are systems that convert chemical energy into electrical energy or use electrical energy to drive chemical reactions. They consist of two electrodes in contact with an electrolyte, where redox reactions enable electron transfer. Most electrochemical cells include two half-cells connected by an external wire for electron flow and a salt bridge for ion flow. The salt bridge contains an electrolyte solution and maintains charge neutrality by allowing ions—not...
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Concentration Cells01:29

Concentration Cells

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A concentration cell is an electrochemical cell in which the emf arises from a difference in concentration of a species between two half-cells. Unlike galvanic cells, where electrical energy comes from a chemical reaction, the driving force here is the transfer of matter from a region of higher concentration to lower concentration. The overall process is therefore physical in nature. A classic illustration is a cell made of two chlorine electrodes operating at different chlorine gas...
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Potentiodynamic Corrosion Testing
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Galvanic cells including cobalt-chromium alloys.

N R Gjerdet

    Acta Odontologica Scandinavica
    |January 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary

    Galvanic cells can form between cobalt-chromium dentures and metallic dental fillings. Some alloys, like conventional amalgam, showed high corrosion, while gold and other nickel-chromium alloys were more stable against cobalt-chromium.

    Area of Science:

    • Dental materials science
    • Electrochemistry
    • Corrosion engineering

    Background:

    • Cobalt-chromium alloys are common in dental prosthetics.
    • Metallic dental restorations can interact with prosthetic materials.
    • Galvanic corrosion is a potential issue in the oral environment.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the galvanic potential and corrosion behavior of cobalt-chromium alloys in contact with various dental alloys.
    • To identify which dental alloys pose a higher risk of galvanic corrosion when used with cobalt-chromium dentures.

    Main Methods:

    • In vitro galvanic cell testing was employed.
    • Corrosion currents were measured for different alloy combinations.
    • Cobalt-chromium alloy served as a baseline for comparison.

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    Main Results:

    • Amalgams and one nickel-chromium alloy exhibited high corrosion currents with cobalt-chromium.
    • Conventional amalgam showed the highest corrosion current values.
    • A gold alloy and another nickel-chromium alloy demonstrated low corrosion currents, indicating nobility relative to cobalt-chromium.

    Conclusions:

    • The combination of cobalt-chromium dentures with certain metallic dental restorations, particularly conventional amalgams, can lead to significant galvanic corrosion.
    • The selection of dental restorative materials is crucial to minimize galvanic interactions with cobalt-chromium prosthetics.
    • Noble alloys like gold and specific nickel-chromium alloys present a lower risk of galvanic corrosion when paired with cobalt-chromium.