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Related Concept Videos

Glucose Transporters01:27

Glucose Transporters

Glucose transporters facilitate the transport of glucose across the cell membrane. In addition to glucose, some glucose transporters can also aid the movement of other hexoses such as fructose, mannose, and galactose.
Facilitated diffusion-glucose transporters (GLUTs) are encoded by the solute-linked carrier (SLC) family 2, subfamily A gene family, or SLC2A. The 14 GLUT protein members are distributed into three classes:
Proteoglycans01:05

Proteoglycans

Glycans, a class of complex heterogeneous molecules, can be covalently attached to proteins to form glycosylated proteins that regulate various physiological and pathological processes. Glycosylated proteins or glycoproteins comprise N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides. O-glycosylation is the most common type of protein glycosylation. Here, glycans attach to the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl groups of Serine or Threonine residues. O-linked glycosylation occurs later in protein processing,...
Inborn Errors of Metabolism01:20

Inborn Errors of Metabolism

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a protein metabolism disorder characterized by high blood levels of the amino acid phenylalanine. This results from a mutation in the gene responsible for phenylalanine hydroxylase, an enzyme that converts phenylalanine into tyrosine. When this enzyme is deficient, phenylalanine builds up in the blood, leading to symptoms such as vomiting, rashes, seizures, growth deficiency, and severe mental retardation. An early diagnosis and a diet restricting phenylalanine intake...
Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
Hyperglycemia01:29

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia is an abnormally high blood glucose level. It is diagnosed by fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (or OGTT) ≥200 mg/dL, random glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. However, HbA1c results may be unreliable in certain conditions, such as anemia or hemoglobinopathies, and the diagnosis should be confirmed unless classic symptoms are present. Postprandial hyperglycemia is typically considered significant when glucose levels exceed 180 mg/dL two...
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State01:21

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State, or HHS, is a serious and life-threatening complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is characterized by three main features: severe hyperglycemia, profound dehydration, and elevated serum osmolality, all occurring without significant ketoacidosis.HHS typically develops in older adults or individuals with limited access to fluids. This may result from illness, cognitive impairment, or medications such as diuretics or corticosteroids. These factors reduce...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Biochemical Titration of Glycogen In vitro
07:16

Biochemical Titration of Glycogen In vitro

Published on: November 25, 2013

Generalised glycogenosis in Brahman cattle

B M O'Sullivan, P J Healy, I R Fraser

    Australian Veterinary Journal
    |May 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary

    Generalised glycogenosis, a metabolic disorder, was diagnosed in Brahman cattle due to alpha-glucosidase deficiency. This condition causes ill-thrift, poor growth, and neurological signs in calves.

    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Medicine
    • Biochemistry
    • Animal Genetics

    Background:

    • Generalised glycogenosis is a metabolic disorder affecting cattle.
    • Brahman cattle in Queensland properties presented with ill-thrift and poor growth.
    • Affected calves exhibited nervous signs, indicating a potential neurological component.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To diagnose generalised glycogenosis in Brahman cattle.
    • To identify the underlying biochemical cause of the disease.
    • To characterize the clinical and pathological presentation of the condition.

    Main Methods:

    • Clinical observations and case histories were collected.
    • Pathological examination included histological analysis of tissues.
    • Biochemical assays were performed on liver and blood mononuclear cells to assess enzyme activity.

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    Detecting Glycogen in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells with Periodic Acid Schiff Staining

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    The Extraction of Liver Glycogen Molecules for Glycogen Structure Determination
    04:50

    The Extraction of Liver Glycogen Molecules for Glycogen Structure Determination

    Published on: February 8, 2022

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    Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

    Biochemical Titration of Glycogen In vitro
    07:16

    Biochemical Titration of Glycogen In vitro

    Published on: November 25, 2013

    Detecting Glycogen in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells with Periodic Acid Schiff Staining
    09:42

    Detecting Glycogen in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells with Periodic Acid Schiff Staining

    Published on: December 23, 2014

    The Extraction of Liver Glycogen Molecules for Glycogen Structure Determination
    04:50

    The Extraction of Liver Glycogen Molecules for Glycogen Structure Determination

    Published on: February 8, 2022

    Main Results:

    • Histological findings revealed vacuolation in central nervous system, heart, and muscle cells.
    • Biochemical assays confirmed a deficiency of alpha-glucosidase in affected calves.
    • Parents of affected calves showed approximately 50% of normal alpha-glucosidase activity, suggesting a hereditary basis.

    Conclusions:

    • Generalised glycogenosis was diagnosed in Brahman cattle linked to alpha-glucosidase deficiency.
    • The deficiency is likely inherited, with carrier parents identified.
    • This finding aids in understanding and potentially managing metabolic disorders in cattle.