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The tooth-amalgam interaction

N K Sarkar, R A Fuys, C M Schoenfeld

    Journal of Oral Rehabilitation
    |September 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Dental amalgam corrosion involves tooth and oral fluid interactions. Gamma 2-containing amalgams form Ca-Sn-P products, while gamma 2-free amalgams show higher mercury in corrosion products.

    Area of Science:

    • Dental Materials Science
    • Biomaterials Corrosion
    • Oral Health Research

    Background:

    • Dental amalgam restorations are widely used but susceptible to corrosion in the oral environment.
    • Understanding amalgam corrosion is crucial for improving restoration longevity and patient outcomes.
    • The presence of the gamma 2-phase in dental amalgam composition influences its corrosion behavior.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the in vitro corrosion interaction between dental amalgam and extracted teeth.
    • To compare the corrosion products of gamma 2-containing and gamma 2-free dental amalgams.
    • To elucidate the role of oral fluids and tooth structure in amalgam corrosion.

    Main Methods:

    • Extracted human teeth were restored with five commercial dental amalgams (one gamma 2-free, four gamma 2-containing).

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  • Restored teeth were immersed in a 1% sodium chloride (NaC1) solution for nine months.
  • Corroded restorations were analyzed using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray microanalysis.

    • Main Results:

    • Gamma 2-containing amalgam surfaces exhibited Ca-Sn-P-rich corrosion products with occasional low concentrations of chloride (C1) and/or zinc (Zn).
    • Corrosion products on the gamma 2-free amalgam surface showed relatively high concentrations of mercury (Hg), alongside Ca, P, Sn, copper (Cu), and Zn.
    • Corrosion was observed to be a complex process involving interactions between amalgam components and the surrounding environment.

    Conclusions:

    • Dental amalgam corrosion is not an isolated phenomenon but involves interactions with tooth structure and oral fluids.
    • The composition of dental amalgam, specifically the presence of the gamma 2-phase, significantly affects the nature of corrosion products.
    • Further research into these interactions can inform the development of more corrosion-resistant dental restorative materials.