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Related Experiment Videos

Climate and disease

C H Wyndham, S A Fellingham

    South African Medical Journal = Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde
    |June 24, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Mortality rates show seasonal variations, with winter higher than summer, particularly for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Air temperature significantly impacts these deaths, especially in older populations.

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    Area of Science:

    • Environmental Health
    • Epidemiology
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Seasonal variations in mortality are well-documented for various causes, including respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes.
    • Mortality rates are generally higher in winter than in summer, with variations observed across different age groups.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze seasonal variations in mortality across different population groups in South Africa.
    • To compare the impact of air temperature and pollution on mortality rates.
    • To investigate geographical differences in seasonal mortality patterns.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review on seasonal mortality variations.
    • Analysis of mortality data for different ethnic groups in South Africa.

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  • Comparison of mortality rates in Durban and Johannesburg.

    • Main Results:

    • White and Asian populations in South Africa exhibit typical winter-high, summer-low mortality patterns.
    • Coloured and Black populations show a bimodal seasonal mortality pattern with peaks in both winter and summer.
    • Infant mortality, primarily from gastro-enteritis in summer, contributes to the bimodal pattern in Coloured and Black populations.
    • Seasonal variations in all-cause mortality are greater in Johannesburg than Durban, linked to higher respiratory disease mortality in Johannesburg.
    • Air temperature is a stronger determinant of respiratory and cardiovascular deaths than air pollution, with a time lag of up to a week.

    Conclusions:

    • Seasonal mortality patterns differ significantly across South African ethnic groups, influenced by age structure and specific disease profiles.
    • Air temperature, particularly prolonged periods of extreme heat or cold, is a key driver of seasonal mortality fluctuations.
    • Geographical variations in climate and disease prevalence contribute to differing seasonal mortality patterns within the same ethnic group.