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Relationships between muscle activity and velar position

D P Kuehn, J W Folkins, C B Cutting

    The Cleft Palate Journal
    |January 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Muscle activity and velar position during speech were studied in five subjects. Levator muscle activity was not directly linked to velar position but related to other muscles, with inconsistent superior constrictor activity.

    Area of Science:

    • Speech Science
    • Biomechanics
    • Physiology

    Background:

    • Understanding the intricate relationship between muscle activation and articulatory movements is crucial for speech production research.
    • The velum's position is critical for differentiating oral and nasal sounds, but the precise muscular control remains an area of investigation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the correlation between electromyographic activity of specific pharyngeal and palatal muscles and velar position during sustained vowel and consonant sounds.
    • To elucidate the roles of the levator veli palatini, palatoglossus, palatopharyngeus, and superior pharyngeal constrictor muscles in velar dynamics.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized lateral-view X-rays to determine velar position in five healthy adult subjects.
    • Employed hooked-wire electromyography (EMG) to measure muscle activity from the levator veli palatini, palatoglossus, palatopharyngeus, and superior pharyngeal constrictor.

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  • Subjects produced sustained /i/, /u/, /s/, non-nasal /a/, and nasalized /a/ sounds.

    • Main Results:

    • No direct correlation was found between the level of levator veli palatini activity and velar position.
    • Levator veli palatini activity was often related to the activity of the palatoglossus and/or palatopharyngeus muscles for a given velar position.
    • The superior pharyngeal constrictor exhibited consistent activity across all speech samples, though its intensity varied within and between subjects.

    Conclusions:

    • Velar positioning during speech is a complex interplay of multiple muscles, not solely dependent on levator veli palatini activation.
    • Palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus muscles appear to co-modulate with the levator veli palatini to achieve specific velar postures.
    • The superior pharyngeal constrictor plays a continuous role in speech, but its contribution to velar dynamics requires further investigation.