The confrontation with death and the renewal of life

Several writers have argued that a majority of suicidal acts are "gambles with death". A distinction is made between cases where the gamble with death is merely consequential (i.e., arising from ignorance, apathy, indifference) and cases where it is the very essence of the act. Typically in these latter cases others are excluded from possible intervention. The individual is thus playing a game of "pure" chance. Death is summoned and challenged in order that life may continue. It is argued, from an interactionist perspective, that such acts are desperate efforts to confirm existance in situations of extreme uncertainty and represent a distinct form of what Shneidman has called "egotic" suicide.