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Acute lymphocytic leukemia with microblastosis and near haploidy (26 chromosomes): a case report
Abstract:
A three-year-old acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) patient had a modal chromosome count of 26 in her bone marrow metaphases. The leukemia was "common" ALL by cytochemical and immunologic studies. Five other cases had been reported previously, and all have had a near haploidy varying from 26 to 32 chromosomes. Disomy of chromosomes 18 and 21 is a consistent feature of this disease. Severe hypodiploidy correlates with microblastosis requiring morphologic separation from non-neoplastic small lymphocytes.
Insights
A three-year-old acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) patient exhibited severe hypodiploidy with 26 chromosomes. This finding, consistent with near haploidy, aids in distinguishing leukemia from non-cancerous cells.
Area of Science:
- Genetics
- Hematology
- Oncology
Background:
- Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is a significant pediatric cancer.
- Understanding chromosomal abnormalities is crucial for ALL diagnosis and prognosis.
Observation:
- A three-year-old patient with common ALL presented with a modal chromosome count of 26 in bone marrow metaphases.
- This represents severe hypodiploidy, a near haploid state.
Findings:
- Consistent disomy of chromosomes 18 and 21 was observed in this case.
- Previously reported cases with near haploidy (26-32 chromosomes) share this feature.
Implications:
- Severe hypodiploidy in ALL correlates with microblastosis.
- Morphologic differentiation from non-neoplastic small lymphocytes is essential.